Salamis of Cyprus -History and Archaeology from the Earliest Times to Late Antiquity

In May 2015 an international conference organised by the University of Cyprus and the Cypriot Department of Antiquities was held in Nicosia – a conference, which could well be called the largest ever symposium on ancient Salamis. During the three-day event some 60 scholars from many countries presented their current research on this important and spectacular archaeological site on the east coast of the island of Cyprus. Two generations of scholars met in Nicosia during the conference: an older one, whose relationship with ancient Salamis can be characterized as very direct, since many representatives of that generation had actively participated in the extremely productive excavations at that spot, until these activities came to an abrupt end in the summer of 1974 due to the Turkish invasion – and a younger generation, which is of course lacking this very direct contact. The conference successfully connected the older with the younger generation, and thus contributed to maintaining and renewing the interest in ancient Salamis.

This richly illustrated book compiles most of the lectures presented during the conference. It might be regarded as a tribute to Salamis, an outstanding ancient city, which existed for more than one and a half millennia – eventually under the name of Constantia.

Contents

Abbreviations
Preface
Acknowledgements
Rector of the University of Cyprus, Address
Theo Mavrojannis, Introductory Remarks on Some ‘Questions’ about Salamis – Seen from the Historical Perspective

Section I: Excavating at Salamis

• Vassos Karageorghis, Excavating at Salamis: 1952–1974. Reminiscences and Remarks
• Jacqueline Karageorghis (†), Jean Pouilloux le Salaminien (1917–1996)
• Marguerite Yon, Un cinquantenaire. La mission de l’université de Lyon à Salamine
• Thomas Kiely, From Salamis to Bloomsbury: Transporting the Bull’s Head Capital to the British Museum in 1891
• Section II: The City-Kingdom of Salamis
• Nota Kourou, Cyprus and the Aegean in the Geometric Period: The Case of Salamis
• Christina Ioannou, Les tombes royales de Salamine dans le cadre mythique et historique de la création et du développement de la ville
• Vicky Vlachou, Death and the Elite: Thrones and Beds from the ‘Royal Tombs’ at Salamis in an Aegean and East Mediterranean Context (13th to 7th Centuries BC)
• Paolo Vitti, An Archaic Vault in Tomb 3 of Salamis: Architecture, Function and Symbolism
• Christian Vonhoff, Iron Weapons from the Archaic Royal Tombs at Salamis
• Annie Caubet, Revoir les ivoires de Salamine
• Eustathios Raptou, La nécropole Cellarka de Salamine – une réévaluation
• Vasiliki Kassianidou – Andreas Charalambous, Analysis of the Copper Alloy Artefacts from the Necropolis of Salamis
• Hartmut Matthäus, Metalwork from Salamis: A Fresh Look on Old Finds. Typology, Style and Chronology of Phoenician Metal Bowls with Figural Decoration
• Panos Christodoulou, La refondation de Salamine de Chypre par Évagoras Ier (415–374/3 av. J.-C.)
• Claire Balandier, Salamine de Chypre au tournant du Ve au IVe siècle, « rade de la paix » phénicienne, arsenal achéménide ou royaume grec en terre orientale : le règne d’Évagoras Ier reconsidéré
• Antigoni Zournatzi, Smoke and Mirrors: Persia’s Aegean Policy and the Outbreak of the ‘Cypriot War’
• Christian Körner, The Kings of Salamis in the Shadow of the Near Eastern Empires: A Relationship of ‘Suzerainty’
• Giorgos Papantoniou – Anna Satraki, Extra-urban Sanctuaries and the Territorial Formation of Salamis
• Antonis Gennadiou, Geography and Demography of Salamis: Quantifying a Kingdom of the Cypro-Classical Period
• Evangéline Markou, Les émissions monétaires des rois de Salamine à l’époque classique
• Miltiades B. Hatzopoulos, Salamine et Paphos : Conte de deux cités
• Mario Torelli, Aphrodite in Cyprus, Gravisca, Naukratis and Athens
• Ioannis K. Xydopoulos, Temenids and Teucrids Descending from Argos: Foundation Myths and Self-Perceptions at the Periphery of the Greek World

Section III: Ptolemaic Salamis

• Constantinos Loizou, Tomb 77: Cenotaph of Nicocreon, Last King of Salamis? Some New Remarks
• Richard A. Billows, The Battle of Salamis and Cyprus in the Diadoch Era
• Andreas Mehl, The Epigraphical Representation of Ptolemaic Personnel and the Position of Hellenistic Salamis among the Cypriot
• Aristodemos Anastassiades, Orientations: Salamis in the Ptolemaic Royal Cult
• Olivier Callot, Le temple de Zeus à Salamine de Chypre
• Theodoros Mavrojannis, The Temple of Zeus Olympios at Salamis as Capitolium and the Temple of Zeus Olbios at Olba-Diocaesarea in Cilicia between Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Ptolemy VI Philometor
• Filippo Coarelli, Hermodoros di Salamina

Section IV: Roman Salamis / Constantia

• Maria Kantiréa, Servius Sulpicius Pancles Veranianus : le grand bâtisseur de Salamine
• Evanthia Polyviou, The Upheaval of the Jews in 115–117 AD in Salamis and the Proconsulate of C. Calpurnius Flaccus in 123 AD in Cyprus
• Pavlina Karanastasi, Roman Sculptures from Salamis: A Reappraisal
• Jane Fejfer, Just Facade? The Relationship between Sculpture and Architecture in the Roman East: Cyprus and Beyond
• Stella Skaltsa, A Place for Honours? Honorific Practices and Culture in the Bath-Gymnasium Complex in Roman Salamis
• Maria Achilleos, The Floor and Wall Mosaics of Salamis
• Anthi Antoniadou, Le théâtre romain de Salamine : Les phases chronologiques et la fonctionnalité du bâtiment de spectacle
• Panayiotis Panayides, Castrating the Gods of Salamis: A Case Study on the Sexual Mutilation of Statuary in Late Antiquity
• Andreas Foulias, The Basilica of Saint Epiphanios: Architecture and Chronology
• Demetrios D. Triantaphyllopoulos, The Basilica of Campanopetra in Salamis/Constantia: Theories on its Function and Archaeological Data
• Chrysovalantis Kyriacou, Martyrdom, Memory and Sacred Topography in Early Christian Salamis
• Georgios Deligiannakis, Imperial and Ecclesiastical Patrons of Fourth-Century Salamis/Constantia
• Evangelos Chrysos, Some Remarks on the Autocephaly Issue

• Peter Funke, Between Concluding Remarks and Résumé: From Evagoras I to the Roman Province